Around that time, two German engineers had invented a five-wire model, but Morse wanted to be the first to reduce the number of wires used to one. Between and , he developed a working model of an electric telegraph, using crude materials such as a home-made battery and old clock-work gears. He also acquired two partners to help him develop his telegraph: Leonard Gale, a professor of science at New York University, and Alfred Vail, who made available his mechanical skills and his family's New Jersey iron works to help construct better telegraph models.
Morse's first telegraph device, unveiled in , did use a one-wire system, which produced an EKG-like line on tickertape. The dips in the line had to be de-coded into letters and numbers using a dictionary composed by Morse. This assumed that the pen or pencil wrote clearly, which did not always happen. By the following year, he had developed an improved system; he created a dot-and-dash code that used different numbers to represent the letters of the English alphabet and the ten digits.
His assistant Vail has been credited by Franklin T. Pope, later a partner of Thomas Edison, with inventing this "dots and dashes" version.
This coding system was significantly better, as it did not require printing or decoding but could be "sound read" by operators. First invented in , the telegraph was a bulky and impractical machine that was designed to transmit over twenty-six electrical wires. Morse reduced that unwieldy bundle of wires into a single one. Assisting him in the development of the apparatus were two men, Leonard Gale and Alfred Vail. Morse Code Along with the single-wire telegraph, Morse developed his "Morse" code.
He did, however, show promise as an artist. To develop this promise, Morse embarked on a costly, multi-year course of artistic study in Europe. Here, he not only blossomed into a promising painter. He also developed a fierce anti-Catholic fervor—which, according to Morse biographer Kenneth Silverman , partly stemmed from a violent run-in with an Italian soldier at a religious event in Anti-Catholicism was not the only idea Morse acquired as a result of his European excursions.
He also developed the idea for the telegraph while returning from the continent. Travelling aboard the ship Sully in , Morse struck up a conversation with fellow passengers regarding the possibility of using electromagnetism as a means of communication.
Confident that such a device was theoretically possible, Morse began building a prototype upon arrival in the U. It would be years before this device reached maturity. In the meantime, Morse tended to his career as artist, winning a number of distinctions, including opportunities to paint famous contemporaries like James Monroe and the Marquis de Lafayette.
He also helped introduce Americans to daguerreotype photography and trained the first generation of American photographers—including Matthew Brady , whose photographs of the Civil War continue to define that conflict. Despite these distinctions, however, Morse was constantly short on cash and thought of himself as an artistic failure. After the charges were dropped, a total of 11 people had been cleared of responsibility during the My Lai trials.
The trials were a result of action that occurred in March During the January 6 is a wedding anniversary for two presidents: George Washington and George H. The recently widowed, Virginia-born Martha was an educated mother of two. George Washington—then a rising On January 6, , President Franklin D.
Roosevelt addresses Congress in an effort to move the nation away from a foreign policy of neutrality. Smith explored a stunningly large area of the Far West during his short life. He began his western voyages in , when he joined the pioneering fur trader William Ashley on a On January 6, , a crowd of 2,plus lines up outside Boston Garden to buy tickets to the rock band Led Zeppelin.
Some in the crowd then entered into to the near-empty arena and caused thousands of dollars in damage. On January 6, , snow begins falling in Washington, D. The Blizzard of began in typical fashion, as cold air from Canada pushed down and Olympic hopeful Nancy Kerrigan is attacked at a Detroit ice rink following a practice session two days before the Olympic trials.
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